SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E
Distortion power
Non-linear loads, e.g., rectifiers with smoothing capacitors or primary-switched mode
power supply units, often do not have a sinusoidal-shaped current consumption. Reactive
power Q is generated, with these loads, due to a distorted current consumption and
harmonic currents. This reactive power is called distortion power.
For calculating the apparent power S for non-linear loads, the sum of all harmonic currents
is being considered.
S= ?
Σ n ?
n
[9]
n = number of harmonics
The power factor λ is calculated according to the above formula:
λ =
P
S
[7]
For non-linear loads the power factor λ does therefore not correspond to cos ? . Phase
displacement and cos ? cannot be specified because there is no sinusoidal current
consumption. For primary-switched mode power supply units the terms power factor and
cos ? must not be used as synonyms.
EN 61000-3-2
The European Standard EN 61000-3-2 for the limitation of harmonics is valid since
January 1st, 2001. This standard is valid for loads connected to the public network with a
real power consumption of between 75 W and 1000 W. Loads with lower real power
consumption or loads, which are supplied using a medium voltage transformer, must not
comply with these standardized limit values. EN 61000-3-2 is valid for the European
market. There are attempts to introduce similar standards to the US market.
Feedback of harmonics into the supply network may technically be prevented by means of
two methods: PFC or harmonic filters. Both methods will be explained in the following.
3-50
PHOENIX CONTACT
5598_en_03
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